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It depends on peoples or institutions's interpretation. Some people/institutions believe that the most important author is the first while others believe that the last author is usually the supervisor and hence the most important author on that paper. still others believe that order does not matter at all.

As mentioned above, the most common way authors are listed is by relative contribution. The author who made the most substantial contribution to the work described in an article and did most of the underlying research should be listed as the first author. The others are ranked in descending order of contribution.

In most disciplines, the order of authors in journal articles is determined by their contribution to the research. But in fields such as high energy physics, where there are often over a thousand authors on a research paper, alphabetical listing is the norm.

The first author is usually the person who has made the most significant intellectual contribution to the work, in terms designing the study, acquiring and analyzing data from experiments, and writing the manuscript.

The author who made the most substantial contribution to the work described in an article and did most of the underlying research should be listed as the first author. The others are ranked in descending order of contribution.

It matters because the first author is recognized as the real originator of the work. It should matter. The greatest contributor to the study earns the first authorship position as the principal investigator. The other authors follow based on the extent of their contribution to the research.

Second author is the second main person who contributes mainly to experiments and manuscript writing. ... Authorship consideration is usually all of your contribution to that project. Even Second place as an authorship displays significant weightage in your research career. So do count on every contribution.