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National banks are chartered and regulated under federal laws and are supervised by a central agency. State banks are chartered and regulated under state laws and are supervised by a state agency.

They are commercial banks, thrifts (which include savings and loan associations and savings banks) and credit unions. These three types of institutions have become more like each other in recent decades, and their unique identities have become less distinct.

The major categories of financial institutions are central banks, retail and commercial banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations, investment banks and companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, and mortgage companies.

Financial institutions are entities that facilitate financial transactions and act as intermediaries in financial operations. There are various functions of financial institutions, including banking services, capital formation, monetary supply regulation, pension fund services, and the economic growth of a nation.

Charters are issued by state chartering authorities (usually state bank regulators) or at the federal level by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). 1 Credit unions are also chartered at the state level by state regulators or by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) at the federal level.

The 4 different types of banks are Central Bank, Commercial Bank, Cooperative Banks, Regional Rural Banks. You can read about the Types of Banks in India ? Category and Functions of Banks in India in the given link.

The California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation's (the ?Department?) Division of Financial Institutions serves in that capacity for both banks and credit unions. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency serves as the chartering authority and primary regulator for national banks.