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Repeated reference: Secondary source Give a full reference to the source in a footnote the first time it is mentioned (see 'Footnotes'). After that, it can be cited using the author's last name and the footnote number where a full reference to the source was last given (n ...).

Generally, each source you reference should be cited in its own footnote. However, if you have several sources that support the same point in one passage of text, you can cite these in a single footnote. To do this, separate each source in the footnote with a semicolon: 1.

When citing multiple works parenthetically, place the citations in alphabetical order, separating them with semicolons. Arrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. Place citations with no date first.

Yes, you can abbreviate the subsequent citations of the source. If the subsequent citation is in the footnote immediately following the full citation, you can use 'ibid'. Used alone, 'ibid' means 'in the very same place' ? in other words, the same source and the same page or paragraph as the preceding full citation.

To cite the same source and page number as you just cited, write ?Ibid.? on its own. When you are citing the same source, but different page numbers, write ?Ibid.? followed by a comma and the relevant page number(s). Ibid. Ibid., 36.

Notes consist of one numbered list, do not restart numbering on each page or try to "reuse" a footnote number when citing a source more than once throughout the paper. Footnotes/endnotes are double spaced, and the first line only is indented from the left margin.

What Are Footnotes? | Guide with Word Instructions Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of the page in a piece of academic writing and indicated in the text with superscript numbers (or sometimes letters or other symbols). ... Footnote numbers are usually placed at the end of the relevant clause or sentence.