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Whenever possible, the original source should be located and fully cited. In the footnote, start with the author and publication details of original work. Add the text "quoted in" and then add the author and publication details of the secondary work, the source you consulted.

Ibid is used when referring to the same source in the footnote immediately above. Ibid may be used after another ibid or after a supra. Supra is used when referring to the same source in a footnote that is not immediately above.

Comments in notes If you want to include a substantive comment in your footnote, as well as a citation, put the citation first, followed by the comment in a new sentence.

Footnotes are listed at the bottom of the page on which a citation is made. A numeral is placed in the text to indicate the cited work and again at the bottom of the page in front of the footnote. A footnote lists the author, title and details of publication, in that order.

In the footnote, start with the author and publication details of original work. Add the text "quoted in" and then add the author and publication details of the secondary work, the source you consulted. Make sure you use the correct format for a book or for an article (15.56).

To cite the same source and page number as you just cited, write ?Ibid.? on its own. When you are citing the same source, but different page numbers, write ?Ibid.? followed by a comma and the relevant page number(s). Ibid. Ibid., 36.

Paraphrasing. When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding a footnote number at the end of the paraphrased portion. The footnote number should be in superscript, and be placed after any punctuation, like this: ?This is a paraphrase.