1.1.3 Public Employee Equal Protection Claim Race and/or Sex Discrimination Hostile Work Environment — Separate Liability: In Cuyahoga, Ohio, the jury instruction 1.1.3 addresses a specific legal claim related to public employees and their equal protection under the law regarding race and/or sex discrimination in a hostile work environment. This instruction provides guidance to the jury on how to evaluate cases in which a public employee alleges that they have been subjected to discriminatory treatment, based on their race and/or sex, resulting in a hostile work environment. The concept of separate liability comes into play when the alleged discriminatory actions are attributed to both the employer and an individual employee who participated in creating or perpetuating the hostile work environment. In such cases, the jury instruction distinguishes between the liability of the employer as an entity and the individual liability of the specific employee(s) involved. To clarify, the jury instruction instructs the jury to consider whether the employer is liable for creating or allowing a hostile work environment due to race and/or sex discrimination. This liability arises when the employer is found to have known about the discrimination but failed to take necessary and appropriate steps to prevent or address it adequately. The employer's liability is separate and distinct from that of the individual employee(s) who engaged in discriminatory behavior. In Cuyahoga, Ohio, there may be other types of jury instructions related to public employee equal protection claims and race and/or sex discrimination in a hostile work environment. While the specific names of these instructions may vary, some examples could include: 1.1.1 Public Employee Equal Protection Claim Race Discrimination Hostile Work Environment — Employer Liability: This instruction may focus specifically on race discrimination in a hostile work environment, discussing the employer's liability. 1.1.2 Public Employee Equal Protection Claim Sex Discrimination Hostile Work Environment — Employer Liability: This instruction may specifically address claims of sex discrimination in a hostile work environment, emphasizing the employer's potential liability. 1.1.4 Public Employee Equal Protection Claim Race and or Sex Discrimination Hostile Work Environment — Individual Employee Liability: This instruction may elaborate on the individual employee(s)' liability for engaging in discriminatory behavior that contributes to a hostile work environment. These different types of instructions enable the jury to carefully assess the specific aspects of the case, ensuring fairness and clarity in determining liability for the alleged race and/or sex discrimination in a hostile work environment within the public employment context in Cuyahoga, Ohio.