Middlesex Massachusetts Jury Instruction 1.2.1 deals with race and/or sex discrimination in the context of discharge and failure to promote, including the defense of same decision. This particular jury instruction is applicable in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It provides guidance to juries when considering cases where an employee alleges race or sex discrimination regarding their termination or failure to be promoted. In cases involving race and/or sex discrimination in discharge or failure to promote, the jury must assess whether the employer made decisions based on the employee's race or sex, rather than legitimate business reasons. The burden of proof lies with the employee to demonstrate that their race or sex was a substantial factor in the decision made by the employer. The jury instruction in question specifically addresses the defense of same decision. This defense asserts that even if race or sex discrimination influenced the employer's decision-making process, the ultimate decision would have been the same, even if discrimination had not occurred. The purpose of this defense is to establish that the employee would have faced the same outcome even without any discriminatory action. Examples of different types of Middlesex Massachusetts Jury Instruction 1.2.1 Race And Or Sex Discrimination Discharge — Failure To PromotIncludingin— - Same Decision Defense could include: 1. Discharge based on race discrimination: This type of case involves an employee who claims that they were terminated due to their race. The jury would examine the evidence presented by both sides and decide whether racial bias played a significant role in the employee's termination. 2. Discharge based on sex discrimination: In this scenario, an employee alleges that they were unfairly fired due to their gender. The jury would assess whether there is evidence to support the employee's claim and determine if gender bias played a role in the employer's decision to terminate. 3. Failure to promote based on race discrimination: This type of case arises when an employee asserts that they were denied a promotion due to their race. The jury would consider whether racial discrimination influenced the employer's decision to pass over the employee for promotion. 4. Failure to promote based on sex discrimination: Here, the employee contends that they were unjustly denied a promotion because of their gender. The jury would evaluate the evidence to determine if there is sufficient proof to support the employee's claim of gender discrimination in the promotion process. Each of these scenarios may involve the same decision defense, which allows the employer to argue that even if discrimination occurred, the outcome would have been the same. The specific circumstances and evidence presented in each case will determine the jury's ultimate decision.