Travis Texas Jury Instruction — 1.9.5.1 Corporation As Alter Ego Of Stockholder: This Travis Texas jury instruction is crucial in cases where a corporation is alleged to be merely a front or alter ego of a stockholder. It addresses the concept of piercing the corporate veil, which allows the court to hold the individual stockholder personally liable for the actions or debts of the corporation. Here is a detailed description of the instruction, including its purpose and different possible scenarios: Purpose: The purpose of Travis Texas Jury Instruction — 1.9.5.1 Corporation As Alter Ego Of Stockholder is to guide the jury in determining whether it is appropriate to disregard the legal separation between a corporation and its stockholder(s), thereby holding the stockholder(s) personally liable for the corporation's obligations. It ensures that the jury understands the factors to consider when deciding if the corporation is merely the alter ego of the stockholder(s). Relevant keywords: 1. Travis Texas jury instruction 2. Corporation as alter ego of stockholder 3. Piercing the corporate veil 4. Personal liability of stockholder 5. Legal separation 6. Obligations of the corporation 7. Factors to consider 8. Alter ego theory 9. Corporate structure 10. Shareholder control Types of Travis Texas Jury Instruction — 1.9.5.1 Corporation As Alter Ego Of Stockholder: — Classic Alter Ego: This type of instruction applies when the plaintiff argues that the corporation is a mere instrumentality or façade for the stockholder, with no independent identity or existence. The plaintiff must prove that the stockholder exercised complete domination and control over the corporation, and that such control was used to commit a fraud or promote injustice or illegality. — Single-Purpose Alter Ego: This type of instruction comes into play when the corporation is established for a specific purpose, such as to avoid legal obligations or liability. The plaintiff must demonstrate that the stockholder(s) used the corporate entity to engage in wrongdoing or unjust enrichment. — Reverse Piercing: Reverse piercing refers to a situation where the court disregards the corporation's separate legal identity and holds it liable for the stockholder’s personal debts. While this instruction is not explicitly mentioned in the given title, it is relevant to the broader topic of piercing the corporate veil and may be included in the jury instruction if applicable. It is important for the jury to carefully consider the evidence presented, such as the degree of control the stockholder exerts over the corporation, commingling of funds, inadequate capitalization, failure to observe corporate formalities, and any other relevant factors to determine whether the corporation is genuinely separate from its stockholder(s) or just a mere instrumentality. The jury should apply these factors and evaluate the alter ego claim impartially to ensure justice is served.