Suffolk New York Jury Instruction — 3.3.1 Section 1, Per Se Violation Conspiracy To Fix Prices — Includes Alternative Rule of Reason Instruction: This Suffolk New York jury instruction, specifically Section 1 of instruction 3.3.1, addresses the concept of a per se violation concerning a conspiracy to fix prices. It focuses on cases where companies or individuals are accused of engaging in anticompetitive behavior by jointly agreeing to establish and maintain fixed prices for goods or services. In cases involving a per se violation of antitrust laws, the court does not require extensive analysis to determine whether the challenged conduct is illegal or not. Instead, it regards certain types of agreements as inherently anti-competitive and illegal. Conspiracy to fix prices is one such example. The purpose of this instruction is to educate the jury on the legal elements necessary to establish a per se violation of conspiracy to fix prices. The prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant(s) participated in an illegal agreement with their competitors, aiming to fix or maintain prices at an agreed-upon level. It is essential for the jury to understand that under this per se violation, the agreement itself is considered unlawful, regardless of its actual impact on competition or market conditions. However, the instruction also includes an alternative rule of reason provision. This provision allows the jury to consider alternative interpretations and apply a more detailed analysis if there is evidence that the challenged agreement may not be inherently anticompetitive. In such cases, the defendant(s) can present evidence to justify the agreement as reasonable and pro-competitive, making it subject to rule of reason analysis. The Suffolk New York jury instruction — 3.3.1 Section 1, Per Se Violation Conspiracy To Fix Prices — Includes Alternative Rule of Reason Instruction, ensures that the jury comprehends the distinction between per se violations and rule of reason analysis. It helps them make an informed decision based on the evidence presented during the trial. It is essential for jurors to understand that in per se violation cases, the focus lies primarily on the existence of the agreement, while rule of reason analysis entails a more comprehensive evaluation of the agreement's effects on competition. Overall, this instruction serves to guide the jury in understanding the legal framework and considerations involved in determining whether a conspiracy to fix prices, as described in Section 1, is a per se violation or subject to alternative rule of reason analysis. (Note: I could not find information on different types of Suffolk New York jury instructions related to Section 1, Per Se Violation Conspiracy To Fix Prices — Includes Alternative Rule of Reason Instruction. It is possible that variations or complementary instructions may exist, but additional research or consultation with legal professionals would be necessary to confirm this.)