Phoenix Arizona Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement — Defense Of Justification is a specific legal instruction provided to the jury in Phoenix, Arizona, in cases involving tying agreements and potential violations of antitrust laws. This instruction assists the jurors in understanding the defense of justification that can be presented by the defendant in such cases. A tying agreement, as referenced in this instruction, refers to a situation where a party engages in the practice of selling a particular product or service (the "tying" product) only on the condition that the buyer also purchases a separate product or service (the "tied" product). Tying agreements may violate antitrust laws, as they potentially result in anti-competitive behavior and hinder market competition. In cases where a defendant is accused of engaging in a per se violation of a tying agreement, meaning that the alleged conduct is automatically considered unlawful, the defense of justification becomes relevant. Under this defense, the defendant argues that their conduct does not violate antitrust laws due to justifiable reasons, such as efficiency gains, technological advancement, or enhanced product quality. Phoenix Arizona Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1 further details the elements that the defendant must establish to successfully prove the defense of justification. One of these elements may involve presenting evidence on how the tying agreement resulted in pro-competitive benefits that outweighed any potential anti-competitive harm. It is important to note that there may not be different types of this specific jury instruction. However, other sections of the Phoenix Arizona Jury Instructions may address different aspects of per se violation tying agreements or other antitrust-related matters that could be relevant in cases. These instructions would provide guidance to the jury on various legal principles, standards of evidence, and burden of proof required in such cases to ensure fair and proper deliberation.
Phoenix Arizona Jury Instruction - 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement - Defense Of Justification
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Jury Instructions. instructions that are given by the trial judge that specifically state what the defendant can be found guilty of and what the prosecution or plaintiff has to prove in order for a guilty verdict.
The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence.
Jury duty is a shared American tradition. It connects people across class and race, creates habits of focus and purpose, and teaches values of participation, equality, and deliberation. We know that juries are important for courts, but we don't know that jury service is important for democracy.
Jury instructions are also an important legal research tool because they explain the law in plain language, include what elements need to be proven and provide citations to relevant cases and statutes. From a research standpoint, the most helpful are annotated forms and jury instructions that provide citations.
A jury instruction is a guideline given by the judge to the jury about the law they will have to apply to the facts they have found to be true. The purpose of the instructions is to help the jury arrive at a verdict that follows the law of that jurisdiction.
Jury instructions are an important component of a trial because they focus the jury on the specific issues and laws applicable to the case being tried. Jury instructions should identify the issues the jury will need to decide and help them understand the legal principles of the case.
Citation Data MLA. prepared by Committee on Model Jury Instructions, Ninth Circuit. Manual of Model Civil Jury Instructions for the Ninth Circuit.APA. prepared by Committee on Model Jury Instructions, Ninth Circuit. ( 1993).Chicago. prepared by Committee on Model Jury Instructions, Ninth Circuit.
Jury instructions are instructions for jury deliberation that are written by the judge and given to the jury. At trial, jury deliberation occurs after evidence is presented and closing arguments are made.
Jury instructions are the only guidance the jury should receive when deliberating and are meant to keep the jury on track regarding the basic procedure of the deliberation and the substance of the law on which their decision is based.