Harris Texas Jury Instruction — 4.4.3 Rule 10(b— - 5(c) Fraudulent Practice or Course of Dealing Stockbroker Churning — Violation of Blue Sky Law and Breach of Fiduciary Duty In Harris County, Texas, the jury instruction 4.4.3 addresses the issue of fraudulent practices or course of dealings by stockbrokers, specifically focusing on churning. Churning refers to a situation where a stockbroker excessively trades securities in a customer's account to generate commissions for themselves, without regard for the customer's best interests or investment goals. This jury instruction is based on the federal securities' law, Rule 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as the Texas Securities Act section 5(c) — also known as the Blue Sky Law. It is important to note that different variations or types of the instruction may exist depending on the specific case and circumstances. Violations of Rule 10(b) and section 5(c) typically include the following elements: 1. Intentional manipulation: To establish fraudulent practices, it must be proven that the stockbroker intentionally engaged in deceptive practices, such as excessive trading or recommending unsuitable investments, with the intent of defrauding or deceiving the customer. 2. Churning for excessive commissions: The stockbroker's actions must be characterized as churning, meaning they excessively traded securities in the customer's account solely to generate additional commissions for themselves. This excessive trading can result in substantial costs for the customer without corresponding benefits. 3. Violation of Blue Sky Law: Section 5(c) of the Texas Securities Act, often referred to as the Blue Sky Law, aims to protect investors from fraudulent or deceptive practices in the securities' industry. Violations of this law involve engaging in unethical or fraudulent practices that deceive investors or misrepresent investment opportunities. 4. Breach of fiduciary duty: Stockbrokers owe a fiduciary duty to their clients, meaning they have a legal obligation to act in the client's best interest. Violations of this duty occur when stockbrokers prioritize their own financial gain over the customer's well-being or interests. The Harris Texas Jury Instruction — 4.4.3 Rule 10(b— - 5(c) Fraudulent Practice or Course of Dealing Stockbroker Churning — Violation of Blue Sky Law and Breach of Fiduciary Duty is designed to guide the jury's understanding of the relevant legal standards and principles when determining liability in cases involving stockbroker misconduct. It serves as a tool to assess whether the defendant-stockbroker engaged in fraudulent practices, churning, and breached their fiduciary duty, resulting in financial harm to the plaintiff-investor. It is important to consult with legal professionals to fully understand the specific nuances and variations of Harris Texas Jury Instruction — 4.4.3 Rule 10(b— - 5(c) Fraudulent Practice or Course of Dealing Stockbroker Churning — Violation of Blue Sky Law and Breach of Fiduciary Duty in individual cases, as interpretations may vary based on the specific facts and circumstances of each case.