Bronx New York Jury Instruction — Presenting False Declaration or Certification refers to the legal guidelines given to a jury in a court case involving the offense of presenting a false declaration or certification. This offense typically involves making an untrue statement or providing a fraudulent document under penalty of perjury. In Bronx, New York, there are several types of jury instructions that may be provided to the jury when considering a case related to presenting false declarations or certifications. These instructions may vary depending on the specific circumstances of the case and the applicable laws. Here are some potential types of instructions: 1. Elements of the Offense: This jury instruction outlines the essential elements that must be proven for a defendant to be found guilty of presenting a false declaration or certification. It may include elements such as knowingly making a false statement or providing a fraudulent document, intending to deceive, and doing so under oath or penalty of perjury. 2. Perjury: This instruction elaborates on the concept of perjury, where the defendant intentionally makes a false statement while under oath during an official proceeding. It explains the importance of truthfulness in legal proceedings and emphasizes the potential consequences of perjury. 3. Fraudulent Documents: This jury instruction focuses on cases where the defendant is accused of presenting fraudulent documents or certifications. It clarifies the legal definition of a fraudulent document and advises the jury on how to assess whether the document presented by the defendant is in fact false or misleading. 4. Credibility of Witnesses: In cases involving false declarations or certifications, witness credibility plays a crucial role. This instruction emphasizes the importance of evaluating the credibility of witnesses, including the defendant, and provides guidance on assessing their demeanor, consistency, and potential biases or motives. 5. Corroborating Evidence: In some instances, there may be corroborating evidence that supports the prosecution's claims. This instruction explains to the jury how to evaluate and weigh such evidence to determine its reliability and relevance in the case. 6. Reasonable Doubt: A standard instruction in criminal cases, this instruction informs the jury about the concept of reasonable doubt. It explains that if there is any reasonable doubt regarding the defendant's guilt, they must return a verdict of not guilty. These are just a few examples of the potential types of jury instructions that may be specific to Bronx, New York, regarding presenting false declarations or certifications. It is important to note that the exact instructions given to a jury will depend on the nature of the case and the applicable laws.