Los Angeles California Jury Instruction — Mail Fraud is a set of legal guidelines provided to jurors during a trial involving mail fraud cases in the city of Los Angeles, California. Mail fraud typically refers to the unlawful use of the United States Postal Service or any private interstate carrier to conduct a fraudulent scheme. Keywords: Los Angeles California, jury instruction, mail fraud. This jury instruction aims to educate the jury about the requirements, elements, and potential penalties associated with mail fraud. It helps jurors understand the intricacies of the law and enables them to make informed decisions based on the evidence and arguments presented during the trial. The Los Angeles California Jury Instruction — Mail Fraud can include different variants to cover the various aspects of mail fraud, namely: 1. Elements of Mail Fraud: This instruction outlines the essential elements that must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in a defendant to be convicted of mail fraud. It typically covers elements such as the use of the mail, fraudulent intent, and scheme to defraud. 2. Pinkerton Liability: This instruction explains the concept of Pinkerton liability in mail fraud cases. Pinkerton's liability allows for the conviction of co-conspirators for the reasonably foreseeable criminal acts committed by other members of the conspiracy, even if they did not personally commit those acts. 3. Scheme to Defraud: This instruction focuses specifically on the requirement of proving a scheme to defraud in a mail fraud case. It helps jurors understand what constitutes a scheme to defraud and the critical role it plays in determining guilt. 4. Mail and Jurisdiction: This instruction clarifies the types of mail that fall under the jurisdiction of mail fraud laws in Los Angeles, California. It guides jurors on the definition and scope of mail and emphasizes the importance of the mail's use in committing fraudulent activities. 5. Intangible Rights and Honest Services: This instruction addresses cases involving intangible rights and honest services fraud. It explains how mail can be used to facilitate schemes aimed at obtaining intangible rights or defrauding individuals or entities through the deprivation of honest services. 6. Defenses and Reasonable Doubt: This instruction outlines potential defenses that can be raised against a mail fraud charge and stresses the importance of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. It ensures jurors consider any valid defenses presented by the defense counsel. These various types of Los Angeles California Jury Instruction — Mail Fraud cater to different aspects of mail fraud cases, ensuring thorough guidance for the jury throughout the trial process.