Travis Texas Jury Instruction — Insanity provides guidance to jurors in determining and evaluating a defendant's mental state at the time of a crime. This is an essential aspect of criminal cases where the defense asserts an insanity plea. Understanding the various types of Travis Texas Jury Instruction — Insanity is crucial to comprehending the legal standards that apply in such cases. 1. M'Heighten Rule: Under this instruction, the M'Heighten test is used to assess whether the defendant was unable to distinguish between right and wrong at the time of the offense. If the defendant had a mental disease or defect that impaired their understanding, the jury may consider the insanity defense. 2. Texas Model Penal Code Test: This instruction adopts the Texas Model Penal Code Test, which focuses on whether the defendant, due to a mental disease or defect, lacked substantial capacity to either appreciate the wrongfulness of their conduct or conform their behavior to the law's requirements. 3. Irresistible Impulse Test: In some cases, jurors may be instructed to consider the irresistible impulse test. This instruction addresses whether the defendant suffered from a mental illness that rendered them incapable of controlling their actions and obeying the law, even if they understood the nature and consequences of their actions. 4. Volitional Prong: Jurors might be instructed to apply the volitional prong, which evaluates whether the defendant had a mental illness that prevented them from conforming their conduct to the law's requirements. This instruction examines the defendant's ability to control their actions, focusing less on right vs. wrong and more on the capacity to act within societal norms. 5. Guilty but Mentally Ill: This instruction allows jurors to find a defendant guilty but also acknowledge that they had a mental illness at the time of the crime. The guilty but mentally ill verdict ensures that the defendant receives appropriate mental health treatment while serving their sentence. It is important to note that these instructions vary depending on the jurisdiction and can change over time. Therefore, it is crucial to consult the specific Travis Texas Jury Instruction — Insanity for accurate guidance in a particular case. Understanding these instructions helps jurors navigate the complexities of mental health and its impact on a defendant's culpability in criminal proceedings.